Anticoagulation Aortic calcification Bone strength Calcium cardiovascular Carotid artery Coagulation Heart Hydroxyapatite Matrix GLA Osteocalcin osteoporosis
July 22, 2021 by admin
Vitamin K is a cofactor for enzyme, γ-glutamylcarboxylase. This γ-carboxylation allows VKD proteins to bind calcium. Vitamin K is required for the activity of coagulation and anticoagulation factors and for the binding of osteocalcin to hydroxyapatite in bone.1Both forms of vitamin K, K1 and K2, are essential in maintaining blood hemostasis and optimal bone and […]
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Bone mass Boron Fragility Magnesium Mineralization Osteoblast Osteogenesis osteoporosis postmenopause Testosterone Vitamin D
July 14, 2021 by admin
Osteoporosis is defined as “a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration with consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture.”1 Osteoporosis is not a life-threatening disorder but still affects many people by causing pain, disability, and diminished quality of life.2 Degrees of skeletal response to boron are modified by other nutritional […]
Bone health Bone homeostasis Bone mineral density Bone resorption Bone tissue Calcification Nutrition Osteoid osteoporosis postmenopause Skeleton Zinc
July 12, 2021 by admin
Zinc, a nutritional trace element, is essential for the growth of human and animals.1 Zinc is required for the growth, development, and maintenance of healthy bones. Bone growth retardation is a common finding in various conditions associated with zinc deficiency.2 In Iranian schoolboys at year 1961, zinc supplementation was first found to restore both skeletal growth and […]
Bone formation Bone mass Bone mineral density Chronic renal disease Hydroxyapatite Magnesium Osteoblast Osteoclast osteoporosis
July 7, 2021 by admin
Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease characterized by loss of bone mass due to a marked bone microarchitecture deterioration.1 Physiologically, bone is constantly remodeled by concerted and coordinated interactions between osteoclasts, the cells primarily involved in bone resorption, and osteoblasts, which ensure bone formation and mineralization. Osteoporosis results from an imbalance between bone deposition and resorption.1 About […]